Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Master's student in Persian Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba'i University
2 Department of Persian Language and Literature. Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages. Allameh Tabataba'i University. Tehran. Iran.
3 Faculty member, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Peking University
Abstract
Here's a slightly refined translation, aiming for enhanced clarity and flow:
"In the fourth volume of Hafiz-i Abru's Majma al-Tawarikh, titled Zubdat al-Tawarikh-i Baysunghuri, the events of the year 825 AH mention a journey undertaken by ambassadors from the court of Shahrukh Timur to the land of Khitai and the city of "Khanbaliq." Among them was Khwaja Ghiyas al-Din Naqqash, ambassador of Baysunghur Mirza Timuri, the ruler of Herat, whose travelogue's core content Hafiz-i Abru included in his history. Given that this journey occurred during the Timurid era—contemporaneous with the Ming dynasty—and to "Khitai," numerous Chinese words and terms appear within the text. Several critical editions have been made of Zubdat al-Tawarikh, including this travelogue. However, errors persist in the rendering of certain Chinese terms. The present study revises these inaccuracies by consulting the oldest manuscripts of the text, including the manuscript held in the Malek Library, dating to 830 AH.
This research addresses the editor's misreadings stemming from the manuscripts' handwriting, syntactic errors in the Persian translations of Chinese terms, the original Chinese forms of several city names mentioned in the travelogue that have distinct Persian pronunciations, and the etymology and pronunciation of several Chinese words
Keywords
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